Purchase Requisition Release Strategy - Post Transport Task

After configuring and transporting purchase requisition release strategy, one of the tasks need to be carried out on the production system as well. The task is basically assignments of objects/classes. The transaction code is CL24N.

Also you may need to check whether the characteristics are all present using transaction CT04. The transaction code CL02 is to create characteristics. But this is transportable.

SAP ABAP Job Interview Questions and Answers

SAP ABAP is one of the most important areas in SAP.We are listing some of the Frequently Asked Job Interview Questions on this technology

1. What guarantees the integration of all application modules?
The R/3 basis system guarantees the integration of all application modules. The R/3 basis s/w provides the run time environment for the R/3 applications ensures optimal integration, defines a stable architectural frame for system enhancements, and contains the administration tools for the entire system.One of the main tasks of the basis system is to guarantee the portability of the complete system.

2. What are the central interfaces of the R/3 system?
Presentation Interface.
Database Interface.
Operating system Interface.

3. Which interface controls what is shown on the p.c.?
Presentation Interface.

4. Which interface converts SQL requirements in the SAP development system to those of the database?
Database Interface.

5. What is SAP dispatcher?
SAP dispatcher is the control agent that manages the resources for the R/3 applications.

6. What are the functions of dispatcher?
Equal distribution of transaction load to the work processes.
Management of buffer areas in main memory.
Integration of the presentation levels.
Organization of communication activities.

7. What is a work process?
A work process is where individual dialog steps are actually processed and the work is done. Each work process handles one type of request.

8. Name various work processes of R/3 system?
Dialog or Online (processes only one request at a time).
Background (Started at a specific time)
Update (primary or secondary)
Enque (Lock mechanism).
Spool (generated online or during back ground processing for printing).

9. Explain about the two services that are used to deal with communication.
Message Service: Used by the application servers to exchange short internal messages, all system communications.
Gateway Service: Enables communication between R/3 and external applications using CPI-C protocol.

10. Which work process triggers database changes?
Update work process.

11. Define service (within R/3)?
A service is a process or group of processes that perform a specific system function and often provide an application-programming interface for other processes to call.

12. What are the roll and page areas?
Roll and page areas are SAP R/3 buffers used to store user contexts (process requests). The SAP dispatcher assigns process requests to work processes as they are queued in the roll and page areas.
Paging area holds data from the application programs.
Roll area holds data from previous dialog steps and data that characterize the user.

13. What are the different layers in R/3 system?
Presentation Layer.
Application Layer.
Database Layer.

14. What are the phases of background processing?
Job Scheduling.
Job Processing.
Job Overview.

15. What components of the R/e system initiate the start of background jobs at the specified time?
The batch scheduler initiates the start of background job. The dispatcher then sends this request to an available background work process for processing.

16. Define Instance.
An instance is an administrative unit in which components of an R/3 systems providing one or more services are grouped together. The services offered by an instance are started and stopped at random. All components are parameterized using a joint instance profile. A central R/3 system consists of a single instance in which all-necessary SAP services are offered. Each instance uses separate buffer areas.

17. From hardware perspective, every information system can be divided into three task areas
Presentation, Application Logic and Data Storage.
The R/3 Basis software is highly suitable for use in multi-level client/server architectures.

18. What are R/3 Basis configurations?
A central system with centrally installed presentation software.
Two-level client/server system with rolled out presentation software.
Two-level client/server system. Presentation and Application run on the same computer.
Three-level client/server system. Presentation, Application and database each run on separate computers.

19. What is a Service in SAP terminology?
A service refers to something offered by a s/w component.

20. What is Server in SAP terminology?
A component can consist of one process or a group and is then called the server for the respective service.
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Interview-Questions

* SAP ABAP Interview Questions Collection
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SAP-ABAP-Interview Questions

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Courtesy: http://www.aired.in/2010/02/sap-abap-job-interview-questions-and.html

Increase time out for foreground processes

i. To increase the default timeout value, call the transaction Maintain Profile Parameters (RZ11).
ii. Specify the profile parameter rdisp/max_wprun_time.
iii. Choose Display.
iv. Choose Change Value.
v. Specify a new value for the profile parameter.

A recommended value is 2000 seconds.

If you use parallel processes, dialog processes are used even if the job is scheduled in the background. The standard timeout value is usually sufficient. If the database is loaded by additional processes, it can be advisable to increase the profile parameter.

MRP User Exit: Material Selection for Planning Run

You define the key and the description texts for the user exit function for selecting materials for the planning run.

Using the user exist, you can limit the planning run (MRP, MPS, long-term planning) to materials with certain criteria (which you define).

Example

For example, for each plant, you can define that in the selected plant the system will only plan;

• materials to be planned using MRP procedures,

• materials of a certain MRP controller

• externally procured materials or materials produced in-house

Requirements

User exist must be activated in the SAP externsion concept. The name of the extension is M61X0001.

In the documentation for this extension, you will find information on the use of user exits.

For more information on the extension concept, please refer to the appropriate documentation.

Automatic Conversion of PR to PO

You created purchase requisition for various material. During creation of purchase order you used the following path:

Purchase Requisition

.......Follow on function
.........Create Purchase Order
............automatic via purReq.

When you mentioned required purchase requisition number and execute, system give error that purchase requisition does not contain any suitable item.

Is there any setting in customization where you can monitor and use that function.
In an effort for you to successfully use the Transaction Code ME59 to automatically convert the current PR into PO, then the following criteria should be met:

1) In the Purchasing View of the material master data, the "Autom. PO" field must be clicked;

2) In the Purchasing View of the Vendor Master Data, the "Automatic Purchase Order" field must be clicked;

3) The Outline Agreement or Purchasing Info Record shall be maintained which will allow the automatic copying of unit price and other conditions into PO;

4) The Source List shall be maintained for the nominated vendor which was shown in either the Outline Agreement or Purchasing Info Record.

or

it might be PR subject to release strategy and not yet released

or

If you're not using a source list or automatic creation of PO, you may need to assign the requisition to a purchase information record using transaction ME56. Then it should appear in ME58.

Difference between MRP Type PD and VB

Depending on this field , the behaviour of MRP will be completely different.When you work with PD, you work with BOM structures.

Imagine the final material A , and its component B you need 2 pieces of B to produce 1 piece of A.If you work with PD and you receive for example a sales order for A of 10 pieces , the MRP with PD will determinate that you need 20 pieces of B taken into account the sales order delivery date. The system will use the BOM to know the quantity that you need. You will not have additional stock for the component B. The system will procure when and how many pieces you need.

IF with the same example you work with VB for component B, then you have to define a reorder point (example 5).

If your stock is bellow that level ,the system will procure to get again the reorder point level. If you have enough stock (example 30) the system will not create any purchase requisiton for B, independent of the sales orders of A , and the reservation of 20 pieces.

When yuo work with expensive components you should use PD , because you don´t have stock without pegged requirements. if the materials are cheap and you need to have allways some stock , you can define VB as planning type.IF you use ND. the component B will not be planned, that means the MRP will not create any planned order or purchase requisition to cover requirements. you have to create manually.

What are different MRP types?

The differnt types of planning procedures are
1. MPS - Master Production Scheduling
2. MRP - Material Reuquirements planning
3. Consumption based planning - (there are two types)
   i) Forecast based planning
   ii) Reorder point planning
       a) Manual Reoderpoint planning
       b) Automatic reorderpoint planning